Engine



Julie 5, 1934. G HAUKE 1,961,929

ENGINE Filed June l, 1931 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented June 5, 1934 UNITED STATES ENGINE Gilbert F. Hauke, Detroit,

Mich., assigner to Continental Meters Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a

' corporation of Virginia Application June 1, 1931, Serial No. 541,188

Z5 Claims.

My invention relates to engines and more particularly to an intake manifold structure adapted for association therewith and for distributing the fuel mixture to a plurality of cylinders.

Diiliculty has been experienced in properly flowing a fuel mixture in an intake manifold runner so that the said fuel mixture can be accurately distributed into a plurality of manifold branches for distribution to the engine cylinders connected therewith. At times the fuel flow becomes stratified in such a way as to nullify the usefulness of a fuel dividing and distributing means employed for distributing the fuel in the manifold branches, and at other times the said fuel flow is spread out over a wide area which prevents the same from being properly and accurately distributed in said branches.

An object of my present invention is to construct an intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine whereby the fuel flow may be properly controlled Vand distributed to the manifold branches for distribution to the engine cylinders in a manner to provide substantially equal amounts of fuel to the several cylinders throughout the engine operating period.

Another object of my invention is to provide means at the bend between two interconnecting fuel mixture conducting means for acting on the fuel flowing past the bend connecting said means which tend to vary the normal flow of the fuel past the bend and to induce the same to flow in a manner which permits the accurate division and distribution of the fuel stream for distributing substantially uniform amounts of fuel to the engine cylinders.

For a more detailed understanding of my invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawing which illustrates one form which my invention may assume, and in which:

Figure l is a fragmentary side elevational view of an internal combustion engine illustrating an intake manifold vassembled therewith which is constructed in accordance with my invention,

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure l,

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional View of the central portion of the manifold structure illustrating one form of my invention,

`Figures 4 to 6 inclusive are detail sectional views taken respectively on the lines 4-4, 5-5 and 6--6 of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a sectional view of the central portion of a manifold structure illustrating a modied construction for inducing a stratified fuel flow in the manifold runner, and

Figures 8 to 10 inclusive are detail sectional views taken respectively on the lines 8 8, 9 9 and 10-10 of Figure 7.

My novel manifold structure A is adapted for association with a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine which in general includes an engine casting 10 having a plurality of intake passages 11 and exhaust passages 12, said intake and exhaust passages being adapted to connect with the engine cylinders (not shown) in the usual manner. The engine is provided with a fuel mixture forming device 13 which is adapted for connection with the intake manifold structure A, said device being more particularly provided with the carburetor header 14 adapted for connection with the riser or primary fuel mixture conducting portion 15 of the manifold structure.

The intake manifold structure consists in general of a riser 15, manifold branches or branch conducting portions 16 and the runner or lateral fuel mixture conducting portion 17, said runner being in open communication with the riser 15 and with the manifold branches 16. In the construction illustrated in Figure 2 the manifold structure is constructed in such a way as to provide a split 18 for dividing the fuel stream in order to distribute predetermined amounts of said -fuel into the respective manifold branches. In

the construction illustrated in Figure 2 it is found desirable to uniformly distribute the fuel flow over the oor of the runner 17, said runner and branches being preferably constructed substantially rectangular in cross section and providing substantially flat floor portions.

In general with most types of manifold structures the riser portion is constructed substantially circular in cross-section as shown in Figures 2 and 3 and the abrupt edge formed by the intersecting walls of the runner and riser is preferably rounded to Apermit the fuel to readily iiow around the bend connecting these two fuel mixture conducting manifold portions. Where this edge is uniformly rounded experience has shown that the fuel tends to creep around the edge and to accumulate adjacent to or in proximity to that portion of the rounded edge which rises in the longitudinal plane containing the riser and runner axes. When suflicient fuel is collected at this point the same is spilled over the edge and tends to flow along the bottom wall of the runner in a strata which extends substantially centrally of the runner. This is undesirable in most cases as it is difficult to confine the stratied fuel flow in such a way as to conduct the same to the fuel dividing and distributing means remotely located with respect to the riser so that the said fuel can be accurately and properly divided and distributed into the manifold branches. Also the point at which the fuel spills over is not definitely dened, and the fuel may spill over at points to either side of the exact center. Stratification of fuel flow unless accurately controlled is quite detrimental to uniform fuel distribution. The manifold of usual construction does not accurately control fuel stratification. My invention is directed to means for accurately controlling fuel stratification either by positively inducing a stratification in a predetermined path or by spreading the fuel over the floor of the runner in a uniform film. In my present invention as illustrated in Figures 2 to 6 inclusive I have provided a construction which prevents the fuel from flowing in a stratified form by constructing the edge formed by the intersecting walls of the riser and runner in such a way as to vary the normal tendency of the fuel to spill over the edge at a point adjacent the central longitudinal plane through the runner and riser axes. In the present invention this is accomplished by progressively increasing the radius of the rounded edge formed by the intersecting walls of the runner and riser in such a way as to provide that portion of the edge adjacent this central longitudinal plane above referred to with a minimum radius and that portion of the edge remote from the plane with a maximum radius. It will be noticed that Figure 4 illustrates the edge as being formed with a large radius while Figure 6 illustrates the edge as being formed with a relatively small radius. This construction permits the fuel to more readily spill over the edge remote from the central longitudinal plane containing the runner and riser axes and thus eliminate the tendency of the fuel to creep circumferentially around the edge at the mouth of the riser. In this way the fuel is caused to be uniformly distributed over the floor of the runner and to be conducted to the fuel dividing and distributing means in such a way as to permit an accurate and proper distribution of the fuel into the manifold branches.

In the construction shown in Figures '7 to 10 inclusive, I have provided an edge or bend 20 formed by the intersecting walls of the runner` 17 and riser 15' which may be rounded, and some portions of said edge being rounded with a relatively greater radius than other portions, thereby providing grooves or recesses at the bend which may be referred to as cut away portions which induce a stratified fuel ow in the runner beyond the bend. In particular I have provided certain portions of the edge which are rounded with a greater radius so as to provide a turn relatively less abrupt than the remaining portions of the bend thereby permitting the fuel to spill over the edge at a certain point so as to cause a stratified fuel flow in the runner substantially along the line as indicated by the dotted lines 21. These fuel stratas are thus directed more positively into the manifold branches communicating with the runner 17. Obviously such means for inducing a stratified fuel flow may be located wherever desired along the rounded edge formed by the intersecting walls of the runner and riser. It will be noted that the manifold structure as herein illustrated provides a fuel mixture conducting portion having a wall portion provided with an abrupt bend over which the fuel precipitate is caused to flow during engine operation, the bend being recessed to provide a fuel distributing groove whereby to induce a stratied fuel flow in the conducting portion beyond the bend, this groove extending beyond the bend as clearly shown in Fig. 7.

It will thus be noted that I have provided a means for controlling fuel flow in the runner in order to facilitate the dividing and distributing of said fuel into a plurality of manifold branches for conducting substantially equal amounts of fuel to the respective cylinders connected with said branches. In cases where it is necessary to have a uniform film of fuel spread over the floor of the runner this may be accomplished by utilizing the principle as illustrated in Figures 3 to 6 inclusive, and where it is necessary to induce a stratified fuel flow, the principle illustrated in Figures '7 to 10 may be employed, the shallow grooves or recessed portions at the bend cooperating with the dividing means to control wet fuel distribution.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention:

1. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device and including a runner communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and means inducing a stratified fuel flow in said runner to one side of the vertical longitudinal central plane thereof.

2. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine and including primary and lateral fuel mixture conducting portions disposed at an angle to each other and connected by a bend, said lateral conducting portion having a flat floor portion, and means adjacent the intersection of said fuel mixture conducting portions tending to vary the normal fiow of said fuel around the bend whereby to control wet fuel ow in said lateral conduction portion.

3. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine and including primary and lateral fuel mixture conducting portions disposed at an angle to each other and connected by a bend, said lateral conducting portion beyond the bend having a substantially fiat floor portion, said manifold provided with fuel flow controlling means at the intersection of said fuel mixture conducting portions for inducing a stratified fuel flow in a predetermined definite path beyond the bend.

4. An intake manifold structure for an'internal combustion engine and including primary and lateral fuel mixture conducting portions disposed at an angle to each other and connected by a bend, said lateral conducting portion having a substantially flat floor portion, said manifold provided with a relatively shallow fuel distributing recessed portion at the bend to induce a stratified fuel iiow in the conducting portion beyond the bend.

5. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine and including primary and lateral fuel mixture conducting portions disposed at an angle to each other and connected by a bend, said lateral conducting portion having a substantially flat fioor portion, said manifold provided with a portion at the bend of a greater radius than the remaining portion for providing a relatively shallow fuel distributing groove where- 1 by to induce a stratified fuel flow along the flat floor of said lateral conducting portion.

6. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine and including primary and lateral fuel mixture conducting portions disposed at an angle to each other and connected by a bend, said lateral conducting portion having a substantially flat floor portion, and wet fuel distributing means acting throughout the range of engine operation adjacent the intersection of said fuel mixture conducting portions for inducing a stratified fuel flow in a predetermined definite path in the conducting portion beyond the bend.

7. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device and including a riser portion communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a lateral runner communicating with said riser portion, and wet fuel distributing means acting on said fuel as the same :flows over a bend connecting the riser portion with the runner to induce a stratified fuel iiow in said runner in a predetermined definite path, said means being the sole means for effecting said stratified fuel flow in said lateral runner.

8. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device and including a riser communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a runner extended substantially perpendicular with respect to the riser axis and openly communicating therewith, the edge formed by the intersecting runner and riser walls being rounded, a portion of said rounded edge having a greater relative radius than the remainder to provide a shallow groove and acting as the Sole means for inducing a stratified fuel now in said runner whereby to eifect a distribution of the wet fuel to the engine.

9. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device, and including a riser communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a runner extended substantially perpendicular with respect to the riser axis openly communicating therewith, the edge formed by the intersecting runner and riser walls being rounded, said rounded edge being constructed to induce the fuel to flow more readily over a portion of the edge than the remaining edge portion whereby to provide a wet fuel distributing means.

l0. An intake manifold structure for internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device, and including a riser communieating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a runner extended substantially perpendicular with respect to the riser axis and openly communicating therewith, the edge formed by the intersecting runner and riser walls being rounded, said rounded edge constructed of progressively varying radii to induce the fuel to flow more readily over a portion of the edge than the remaining edge portion whereby to effect a predetermined distribution of the wet fuel.

11. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device,'and including a riser communieating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a runner extended substantially perpendicular with respect to the riser axis and openly communicating therewith, the edge formed by the intersecting runner and riser walls being rounded, said rounded edge being construct d of a minimum radius adjacent the vertical plane containing the runner and riser axes and having progressively increasing radii remote from said plane to induce a substantially uniform fuel flow in said runner.

l2. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device, and including a riser circular in cross section communicating with said fuel mixture forming device and a runner having a substantially flat floor extended substantially perpendicular with respect to the riser axis and openly communicating therewith, the edge formed by the intersecting runner and riser walls being rounded, said rounded. edge being constructed of a mi .iznuln radius adjacent the vertical plane contain ng the runner and riser axes and having progressively increasing radii remote from said plane to induce a substantially uniform fuel iiow along the substantially fiat floor of said runner.

i3. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device and including a primary fuel mixconducting portion communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and a runner extending laterally with respect to said primary fuel mixture conducting portion, said runner having an edge adjacent said primary fuel mixture conducting portion over which wet fuel is arranged to flow, a portion of said edge being recessed vwith respect to the remaining edge portions and to the floor of lateral runner, whereby to provide aV relatively shallow wet fuel distributing groeve constructed to induce a stratified Wet fuel flow along the door of said runner.

le. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine having a fuel mixture forming device and including a fuel mixture conducting portion communicating with said fuel mixture forming device, and runner extending at an angle to said primary fuel mixture conducting portion, said runner having a rounded edge adjacent said primary fuel mixture conducting portion over which wet fuel is arranged to flow, a portion of said rounded edge having a greater relative radius than the remainder to induce a fuel flow in said runner. n

l5. An intake manifold structure for an intercombustion engine including a Vfuel mixture conducting portion having a substantially nat Floor adapted for receiving fuel precipitates, means for introducing wet fuel to said conducting portion, and wet fuel distributing means acting on said wet fuel whereby to induce a stratified wet fuel flow along said flat floor in a predetermined definite path longitudinally of the conducting portion substantially throughout the operating range of engine operation.

16. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a runner portion having a substantially flat floor, said manifold structure having a bend intermediate said primary conducting portion and runner portion around which wet fuel is arranged to flow, and wet fuel distributing means acting on the wet fuel at the bend whereby to vary the normal flow of said wet fuel around` the bend substantially throughout the range of engine operation.

17. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a runner portion having a substantially flat floor, said manifold structure having a bend intermediate said primary conducting portion and runner portion around which wet fuel is arranged to flow, said manifold structure provided with a portion at the bend of a greater radius than the remaining portion for inducing a stratified fuel iiow in said runner.

18. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a runner portion having a substantially flat oor, said manifold structure having a bend intermediate said primary conducting portion and runner portion around which wet fuel is arranged to flow, said manifold structure provided with a relatively shallow groove at the bend for inducing a stratified fuel iiow along the floor of said runner for obtaining wet fuel distribution substantially throughout the range of engine operation.

19. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a runner portion v having a substantially fiat oor, said manifold structure having a bend intermediate said primary conducting portion and runner portion around which wet fuel is arranged to flow, the bend carried by said manifold structure having rounded edges of varying radii, whereby to control wet fuel flow in the runner beyond the bend.

20. An intake manifold structure for an engine including a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a lateral fuel mixture conducting portion communicating with said primary conducting portion and connected therewith by a bend over which the wet fuel is arranged to now, said lateral conducting portion having an outlet connected with the engine, said bend having a relatively shallow recessed portion providing a fuel iiow directing groove for controlling wet fuel fiow in said lateral conducting portion towards the outlet thereof.

21. An intake manifold structure for an engine including a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a lateral fuel mixture conducting portion communicating with said primary conducting portion and connected therewith by a bend over which the wet fuel is arranged to ow, said lateral conducting portion having an outlet connected with the engine, said bend forming an abrupt turn and having a relatively shallow recessed portion providing a fuel flow directing groove; having a turn relatively less abrupt than the remaining portion of the bend, whereby to control wet fuel iiow in said lateral conducting portion towards the outlet thereof.

22. An intake manifold structure for an engine including a primary fuel mixture conducting portion, a lateral fuel mixture conducting portion communicating with said primary con-ducting portion and connected therewith by a bend over which the wet fuel is arranged to flow, branch fuel mixture conducting portions connecting said lateral conducting portion with the engine, dividing means adjacent the junction of said lateral and branch conducting portions for distributing said fuel to said branch portions, said bend having a relatively shallow recessed portion providing a fuel iiow directing groove cooperating with said dividing means for controlling wet fuel distribution.

23. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel mixture conducting portion having a wall portion provided with an abrupt bend over which fuel precipitate is caused to iiow during engine operation, said wall portion being provided with a fuel distributing groove at the bend whereby to induce a stratied fuel flow in the conducting portion beyond the bend.

24. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel mixture conducting portion having a wall portion provided with an abrupt bend over which fuel precipitate is caused to ow during engine operation, said wall portion being provided with a fuel distributing groove at the bend and extending beyond the bend whereby to induce a stratified fuel flow in the conducting portion beyond the bend.

25. An intake manifold structure for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel mixture conducting portion having a wall portion provided with an abrupt bend over which fuel precipitate is caused to ow during engine operation, and means spaced longitudinally of the conducting portion from said bend for dividing the fuel stream, said wall portion being provided with a fuel distributing groove at the bend whereby to induce a stratified fuel flow in the conducting portion beyond the bend to be acted upon by said fuel stream dividing means for uniformly distributing the fuel to the engine cylinders.

GILBERT F. HAUKE. 

